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James Benjamin Blish
B.Sc., Ed. (***)


Generation:10
Born:May 23rd, 1921
Died:July 30th, 1975, aged about 54 years
Cause of death:Recurrent cancer per smoking, metastisized.
Father:Asa Rhodes Blish, (***)
Mother:Dorothea (Schneewind) Blish
Occupation(s): Science fiction author, reader, editor, critic, public relations counsel, musician, poet
Marriages:• Judith Ann (Lawrence) Blish
• Mildred Virginia (Kidd) Blish
Children:Asa Benjamin Blish
Dorothea Elisabeth (Blish) Genly, RN, CNM, B.A. Lit., M.S. Nursing
Master Charles Benjamin (Blish) Williams, 5th dan

James Benjamin Blish achieved fame all over the world as one of the "founding fathers" of the Science Fiction community. He helped to found the Science Fiction Writers of America (SFWA) and was published in many languages. During his career he received Science Fiction's top award, the Hugo Award, as well as many other lesser honors. After his death, an award for criticism was created in his name. The first winner of the James Blish award was Brian Aldiss, in 1977. On July 5th, 2002, James Blish was posthumously inducted into the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame.

For a truly detailed look at this Blish family member, the following work is recommended:

Imprisoned in a Tesseract
The life and work of James Blish

author David Ketterer

ISBN Number 0-87338-334-6

From the perspective of this writer (the son of James Blish), Professor Ketterer's account treats James Blish's life with somewhat of a more negative view than it deserves. The impression is gathered, when reading this title, that James Blish was not a happy man. Yet I definitely recall many bright smiles, laughter, and a sharp sense of humor, reports of which seem to be uniformly lacking in this volume. Still, you are unlikely to find such a wealth of information about my father anywhere else, and I have found the volume worth reading. I only ask that you do keep in mind that he certainly did have a happy side to his life, no matter that Ketterer fails to portray it with any significance. James Blish, Ben Blish, Beth Blish
The only one that looks unhappy is me - my father looks perfectly delighted with life, despite my sour puss...

Here are some photos of the science fiction titles of James Benjamin Blish:

Here is James Blish's very first appearance in print in the letters section of Astounding Stories, at the tender age of 11 years old. This appeared in the readers comments section for the September 1932 issue.

From the Collection of Charles B. Blish From the Collection of Charles B. Blish

Here is an interesting letter he wrote to Astonishing Stories in 1940:

Dear Editor:

Good work on Astonishing Stories. "The Lifestone" and "Asteroid" were expert jobs, the others not down to 10c standard but not as good as these two by wide margins. Cover very good, interiors all a little crude except the one illustrating "Half-Breed". Where is Leo Morey now? He is not as good as he used to be, but he's better than anybody you have but Eron. Or get Binder to do some more interiors.

I hope that before you print another letter like "4E's" (whoever he may be) you will take steps to make it readable. Illiteracy is unpardonable, but such an obviously deliberate attempt at artificial illiteracy is in bad taste and ought to be corrected rather carefully or not printed at all.

Congrats, and I hope Super Science Stories is as good, despite the handicap of a story by me.

-- Jim Blish, 12 Washington Terrace, East Orange, New Jersey.

From the Collection of Charles B. Blish
This is the pulp referred to in the letter that contains James Blish's very first published SF story

Tom Purdom shares the following fascinating anecdote:

One of the science fiction writers I read as a teenager was named James Blish. The visions he scattered across the pages of the science fiction magazines included a popular series of stories in which the cities of Earth acquired domes and anti-gravity motors and became giant spaceships that roamed the galaxy.

Jim wrote a lot of other things beside the Cities in Flight series and one of them generated an anecdote that has become a permanent component of my personal life support system. It is an incident that sums up, I think, part of the connection between the boy who sat at his work table building model airplanes and the slightly older boy who sits at his desk putting words on a computer screen.

One of Jim's short stories was based on some real research in some aspect of psychology such as the chemistry of memory. Years ago, at a science fiction convention in Philadelphia, he came up to me with his face glowing with excitement. He had just been approached by a young woman who had come to the convention because she had seen an advertisement that announced he would be there. She had read his story when she had been a girl and she had been so fascinated by the ideas in it that she had looked up the research the story had been based on and acquired a permanent interest in psychology. She had come to the convention because she had wanted him to know she had just received her Ph.D. in psychology. She had even brought him something to autograph-- a copy of the original scientific paper that described the research he had used in his story.

I had no trouble understanding why Jim looked so ecstatic. I've always been glad he told me about that encounter. It's the kind of memory I pull out of my organic data banks whenever I wonder why any sane person should spend his life tapping out sentences on a keyboard. It isn't the most important reason writers write, but it's important enough. I probably wouldn't want to read very many words by any writer who didn't light up when something like that happened. He had sent copies of his story sailing through the world like paper airplanes and one of them had landed in the mind of a young girl. And she had flown.

Some Interesting Tidbits

  • James Blish coined the now commonly used astronomical phrase "Gas Giant"

The following is the obituary that appeared in The New York Times on Thursday, July 31, 1975.

It suffers from the typical shallowness of newpaper reporting, and carries some rather blatant errors for an obituary (for instance, it notes that his son Benjamin survived him, but neglects to mention his daughter, Elizabeth, by the same marriage two years previous to the son, and states that he had "written" Star Trek when in fact he novelized Star Trek scripts, with one major exception.)

Even so, the mention in the paper is another confirming indication that his life, and his death, were of considerable note to society at large:

JAMES BLISH, 54, WRITER, IS DEAD

His Science Fiction Includes Mirabilis and Fallen Star

LONDON, July 30 - James Blish, the science fiction writer, died today in his home at Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, after a long illness. He was 54 years old.

Mr. Blish leaves a wife, the former Judy Ann Lawrence, an artist and writer, and a son by his earlier marriage to Virginia Kidd.

Witches Were Subject

Mr. Blish's best known works included Fallen Star, Titan's Daughter, and A Torrent of Faces with Norman Knight.

Others were Jack of Eagles, Earthman Come Home, The Frozen Year, A Case of Conscience, Galactic Cluster, Dr. Miribilis and Black Easter. He also wrote There Shall be no Darkness, a novel about witches included with other stories in Witches Three.

Of Mr. Blish's novel about witches a reviewer in The New York Times commented that the omnibus was "one more proof that science fiction is really growing up."

Anatole Broyard, reviewing Dr. Miribilis in The New York Times, remarked that the book, a study of Roger Bacon, the 13th century scientist and philosopher, was based on a massive study of the man, his age, his thought, his books (more than 22 tomes) and the lives and works of his contemporaries Albertus Magnus, the scholastic, and Thomas Aquinas, the philospoher.

Mr. Broyard added: "A highly regarded science-fiction writer, the author is a passionate medievalist as well, and this book is obviously a labor of love. If love is not blind, it is at least partial, and Mr. Blish elevates Bacon at the expense of Albertus and Aquinas."

Of Earthman Come Home, a reviewer in The Times Book Review said it "surpasses even the high Blish standards, and offers that very rare thing, a wholly new concept of the far future."

The novel depicted vagabond cities wandering in space, with New York City as the "hero," roaming through the galaxy long after it had cut loose from its home planet.

Mr. Blish also wrote several books of poetry and had written Star Trek, based on the NBC-TV series created by Gene Roddenberry.

He was born in Orange, N.J. in 1921, and moved to England in 1968.


James Benjamin Blish
   Asa Rhodes BlishDorothea (Schneewind) Blish   
 James Knox BlishAmy Mason (Rhodes) Blish  Benjamin SchneewindLucie Obedine (Wickham) Schneewind 
Charles Cheney BlishElizabeth Potter (Bonar) BlishAlbert RhodesAnn Elizabeth (Read) RhodesFerdinand SchneewindBabesh (?) SchneewindThomas Gregory WickhamHarriet (Lacey) Wickham

James Benjamin Blish
B.Sc., Ed. (***)

1921 through 1975

1899-1923 6th Cholera pandemic
1910-1936 Reign of King George V (Windsor)
1918-1933 Prohibition
1920-1929 Roaring 20s
1921-1924 Warren G Harding president of US
  1922   Insulin made available to diabetics
  1925   Scopes trial on Evolutionary Theory
1925-1928 Calvin Coolidge president of US
  1926   Sound in Movies
  1927   Holland Tunnel opens (New York City)
  1927   1st transAtlantic solo flight - Lindbergh
  1928   Television
  1928   Geiger Counter
  1928   Penicillin discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming
  1928   Video Recordings
  1929   Stock Market Crash
1929-1939 Great Depression
1929-1932 Herbert Hoover president of US
  1930   Pluto Discovered
1931-1933 Chinese-Japanese war (2)
1933-1945 Franklin D Roosevelt president of US
  1933   Armstrong invents FM modulation
  1933   Soviet communist party purge
  1933   Radio Astronomy
  1934   Longshoremans strike - 35,000 on strike for 83 days
  1935   Dustbowl
1935-1936 Abyssinian war
  1936   Spanish Civil War
  1936   Helicopter
1936-1952 Reign of King George VI (Windsor)
  1936   Reign of King Edward VIII (Windsor)
1937-1945 Chinese-Japanese war (3)
  1937   Nylon (by DuPont)
  1938   Germany annexes Austria
1939-1945 World War II
  1939   Digital Computer
  1939   Aircraft Jet Engine invented (by Ohain)
  1940   Color Television
  1940   1st black general in US army
1941-1945 Manhattan Project
  1942   Nuclear Reactor
  1942   Magnetic Recording Tape
  1945   Hypertext
  1945   United Nations formed
  1945   US drops the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1945-1952 Harry S Truman president of US
  1946   The Bikini
1946-1989 The Cold War
  1947   Transistor
  1947   India and Pakistan emerge from ex-British India
  1947   UN partitions Palestine to Jewish and Arab sections
  1948   33 1/3 rpm musical recordings
  1948   NATO formed
  1948   Israel inaugurated as state
  1948   Arabs attack Israel on the day it is inaugurated
1948-1955 Multiple polio epidemics in the USA
  1949   Apartheid policy in South Africa
  1949   Soviets detonate first nuclear bomb
  1949   45 rpm musical recordings
1950-1954 McCarthyism
1950-1953 Korean War
  1950   World pop. est. at 2.4 billion
  1950   Bunche 1st black to win Nobel Peace Prize
  1951   Electricity from Atomic Power
  1952   1st Thermonuclear Device Detonated
1952-2022 Reign of Queen Elizabeth II of England
1953-1960 Dwight D Eisenhower president of US
  1954   Racial segregation in schools ruled unconstitutional
  1954   Womans right to vote (UN Suffrage)
  1955   Introduction of Salk Polio Vaccine
  1955   Warsaw pact formed
  1955   Invention of Velcro
  1955   Fiber Optics (by Kapany)
  1956   Ocean liner Andrea Doria collides with the Stockholm, sinks
  1957   Sputnik Launched - 1st (artificial) satellite
  1958   Stereo LP recordings come into usage
  1958   FM Stereo Broadcasts
  1958   Integrated Circuit
  1958   US space agency (NASA) established
  1958   Neural Network invented
  1959   1st nuclear powered merchant vessel, Savannah
  1959   Alaska enters the union - 49th
  1959   Hawaii enters the union - 50th
  1960   1st weather satellite (Tiros I)
  1960   Laser
  1960   World subsurface circumnavigation by US sub Triton
  1960   Pantyhose
  1961   1st US manned spaceflight - Alan Shephard
  1961   First human in space - Yuri Gagarin
1961-1963 John F Kennedy president of US
1961-1989 Berlin Wall
1961-1991 7th Cholera Pandemic
1962-1965 Vatican II
  1962   Cuban missile crisis
  1963   Compact Cassette Recordings
  1963   Pres. Kennedy Assassinated
  1963   1st artificial heart
1963-1968 Lyndon B Johnson president of US
  1963   Valentina Tereshkova is 1st woman in space
1964-1975 Vietnam War
  1964   US civil rights bill
  1965   Blacks riot in Watts neighborhood, Los Angeles
  1965   1st spacewalks (US, USSR)
  1966   1st soft landings on moon (US, USSR)
  1966   8-track tape players
1967-1970 Nigerian civil war
  1967   Six day war: Israel-Arabs
  1967   Physicist John Wheeler coins the term Black Hole
  1967   Marshall 1st black supreme court justice
  1967   1st human heart transplant
  1968   Martin Luther King assassinated
  1968   Robert Kennedy assassinated
  1969   Moon Landing - Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
1969-1974 Richard M. Nixon president of US
  1969   Woodstock Music Festival
  1969   ARPANET begins (Internet's precursor)
  1970   Nat. Guard murders 4 students at Kent State
  1971   Pakistani civil war
  1971   Intel ships 1st uProcessor: the 4004
  1972   North Atlantic trash patch discovered
  1972   8008 Microprocessor ships (Intel)
  1973   The Internet begins
  1973   October war (Israel-Arabic nations)
  1973   Invention of the cellphone
  1974   Pres. Nixon resigns in disgrace
1974-1976 Gerald Ford president of US
  1974   8080 Microprocessor ships (Intel)
  1974   6800 Microprocessor ships (Motorola)
  1974   CP/M operating system released
  1975   Byte Magazine, issue #1 - September
  1975   Altair 8800a - the 1st home computer
  1975   SWTPC 6800 computer
  1975   IMSAI 8080 computer
  1975   Ebola virus appears - 90% lethal
  1975   6502 Microprocessor ships (MOS Technology)